Abstract The objective was to select productive and stable E. grandis families across contrasting sites in Brazil and Uruguay. Survival and growth of 130 open pollinated families were evaluated three years after planting. Survival ranged from 28 to 89% and mean annual increment from 20.5 to 48.4 m3ha- y-1. Low productivity in one site was attributed to unusually low rainfall and in the other, because of Cylindrocladium leaf disease. Heritability among families and the correlation family by environment were intermediate. Genetic pairwise correlations ranged from 0.03 to 0.81 across sites. The lowest genetic correlation between sites was observed where Cylindrocladium leaf disease occurs. Selection of top families across sites allowed selecting the best ones in each site. However, the effect of genotype-environment interactions was observed where climatic conditions are not adequate to the E. grandis, favoring the occurrence of Cylindrocladium disease.

ABSTRACT Potassium (K) is one of the most highly accumulating nutrients in Eucalyptus and, consequently, is heavily exported by the harvesting of wood. Moreover, its availability in the soil in most Brazilian plantation areas is very low, especially in the regions of the Cerrado biome, which has soils with low natural fertility and marked water deficits, implying a lack of nutrient supply and, consequently, a less efficient water use. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of K fertilization on Eucalyptus biomass yield, the addition of nutrients to the soil by leaf deposition, nutrient use efficiency, and soil K availability. The experiment was conducted with clone I144 (Eucalyptus urophylla) in the municipality of Três Lagoas/MS, in a Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Entisol). The experimental design was a randomized block with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of four K doses (0, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha-1 of K2O) as KCl. Plant biomass production (leaves, branches, trunk, and bark), senescent leaf deposition, leaf nutrient concentrations, nutrient accumulation in the different plant compartments, nutrient use efficiency, addition of nutrients to the soil by leaf deposition, and soil K availability were evaluated. Potassium fertilization increased the biomass yield of Eucalyptus plants, senescent leaf K content, the transfer of K to the soil, the accumulation of K in the aerial plant parts, and the K content in the soil. However, it did not influence senescent leaf deposition yield or plant K use efficiency.

RESUMO O Corymbia citriodora é uma das espécies florestais mais difundidas no Brasil, sendo um dos motivos a diversidade de uso da espécie, pois produz madeira de qualidade e as folhas podem ser utilizadas para produção de óleo essencial. Entretanto, é uma espécie que não tem muitos estudos relacionados ao efeito do manejo no balanço nutricional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de biomassa e o balanço nutricional no sistema convencional de produção de óleo essencial e madeira de Corymbia citriodora com a aplicação de lodo de esgoto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e dois tratamentos, sendo eles: 1 - Fertilização com 10 t ha-1 (base seca) de lodo de esgoto, complementado com K+B, e 2 - Fertilização mineral. Foi avaliada a produção de biomassa aérea das árvores e dos respectivos componentes (folha, galho, casca e lenho), a exportação de nutrientes via colheita das folhas, a produção de óleo essencial e da madeira aos quatro anos de idade. Observou-se que as árvores fertilizadas com lodo produziram 20 % mais folhas durante o ciclo de produção, o que resultou em maior produção de óleo essencial. Além disso, o tratamento com a aplicação do lodo produziu 14,2 t ha-1 ano-1 de biomassa lenhosa, que foi 27 % superior ao tratamento com fertilização mineral. Para ambos os tratamentos o balanço do N foi negativo, sendo que a exportação de N no tratamento com aplicação de lodo de esgoto (-45 kg ha-1) foi 4 vezes menor que a observada no tratamento com fertilização mineral (-185 kg ha-1). Com o presente estudo pode-se concluir que a aplicação de lodo de esgoto em plantios de Corymbia citriodora beneficia a produção de biomassa foliar, óleo essencial e madeira, além de propiciar melhor balanço nutricional.

ABSTRACT The Corymbia citriodora is one of the most important forest species in Brazil and the reason is the diversity of its use, because it produces good quality wood and the leaves may be used for essential oil production. Although, there are not many studies about species and the handling effect in the nutritional balance. This study aimed to evaluate the biomass production and nutrient balance in the conventional production of essential oil and wood of Corymbia citriodora with sewage sludge application. The experiment design established was the randomized blocks, with four replicates and two treatments: 1 - fertilization with 10 tons ha-1 (dry mass) of sewage sludge, supplemented with K and B, and 2 - mineral fertilization. It was evaluated the aerial biomass production, the nutrient export of the leaves, the essential oil and Wood production at four years old. The trees that received application of sewage sludge produced 20 % more leaves biomass than the trees with mineral fertilization, resulting in larger oil production. Besides, the trees with sewage sludge application produced 14.2 tons ha-1 yr-1 of woody biomass that was 27 % higher than the treatment with mineral fertilization. For both treatments the N balance was negative, but treatment with sewage sludge application (-45 kg ha-1) was four times lower than the observed on mineral fertilization treatment (-185 kg ha-1). It may be concluded in this paper that the application of sewage sludge benefits the production of leaves biomass, essential oil and wood, besides result better nutritional balance of the Corymbia citriodora production system.

A maioria das plantações de Eucalyptus brasileiras tem como objetivo a produção de papel e carvão, mas o uso das espécies para madeira, construção e extração de óleo essencial tem aumentado. Neste trabalho foram estudadas onze espécies de eucalipto quanto ao potencial para a obtenção de óleo essencial. Entre as espécies estudadas, nove não têm sido utilizadas na obtenção comercial de óleo. Para efeito comparativo, avaliou-se também duas outras espécies, o Eucalyptus citriodora e o Eucalyptus globulus, as quais são amplamente utilizadas, respectivamente, para a obtenção de óleo aromatizante e óleo para fins medicinais. Os objetivos do estudo foram ampliar o leque de materiais disponibilizados para os produtores de óleo essencial e correlacionar o rendimento de óleo com as variações climáticas existentes ao longo do ano. Foram realizadas coletas sazonais (cada 3 meses) de folhas para a destilação e determinação do rendimento e avaliação da composição química do óleo. Dentre as espécies ainda não utilizadas comercialmente, considerando-se o rendimento do óleo e os teores dos componentes principais, o Eucalyptus viminalis revelou-se aqueal de maior potencial para a exploração de óleo essencial rico em cineol, para uso medicinal. O menor e o maior rendimento de óleo foram obtidos, respectivamente, na primavera e no verão. A disponibilidade de água no solo e a temperatura do ar influenciaram o rendimento de óleo. Sob condições de deficiência hídrica, observada na primavera, ocorreu o menor rendimento de óleo. No verão, quando a temperatura foi mais elevada e não ocorreu deficiência hídrica, registrou-se o maior rendimento de óleo. Não foi observada influência das condições climáticas sobre o teor do componente químico principal do óleo, que se manteve constante nas quatro estações.

Most Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil aim the production of paper and charcoal, but the use of the species for lumbering, construction and extraction of essential oil has increased. Eleven species of Eucalyptus were assessed in regard to their essential oil production potential, nine never used before for commercial, essential oil extraction. Assessements were compared with Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus globulus, already explored in oil production for perfume and medical purposes, aiming to increase the availability of commercial species and the relationship between oil production and climatic conditions. Eucalyptus leaves were seasonally sampled (three months interval) for distillation and determination of productivity and chemical composition of oil - contents of oils main components. Eucalyptus viminalis showed the highest potential for cineol, and standed out among the species not yet used commercially. Influenced by soil moisture contents and air temperature, the lowest and the highest oil production happened respectively in Spring and Summer. Water deficiency in Spring caused the lowest oil production. In the Summer, on the other hand, the highest oil production was observed when temperatures were higher and no water deficiency registered. There was no climatic influence on the main oil chemical component.